运动镜头
Push In
推镜头
镜头向被摄主体缓慢推近，制造压迫感或强化情绪聚焦。适合人物特写、悬疑揭示场景。
camera slowly pushes in toward the subject, shallow depth of field, cinematic, smooth motion
camera slowly pushes in toward the subject, shallow depth of field, cinematic, smooth motion
运动镜头
Pull Out
拉镜头
镜头从主体向后拉远，逐渐揭示更大的空间与周围环境，常用于结局或宏观视角建立。
camera slowly pulls back, revealing the surrounding environment, wide establishing shot, smooth
camera slowly pulls back, revealing the surrounding environment, wide establishing shot, smooth
运动镜头
Pan
横摇
摄像机原地水平旋转，跟随运动主体或扫视场景全貌，营造连续性叙事空间。
smooth horizontal pan from left to right, tracking the subject across the frame, steady
smooth horizontal pan from left to right, tracking the subject across the frame, steady
运动镜头
Tilt
俯仰摇
摄像机原地上下旋转，展示建筑高度或人物气势，从脚到头或从头到脚的叙事弧线。
slow tilt up from ground level to reveal towering architecture, dramatic angle, cinematic
slow tilt up from ground level to reveal towering architecture, dramatic angle, cinematic
运动镜头
Dolly
移轨镜头
整机横向或纵向平移，焦距保持不变，背景随之优雅滑动，区别于变焦的透视感。
lateral dolly shot moving parallel to the subject, smooth tracking, bokeh background, film look
lateral dolly shot moving parallel to the subject, smooth tracking, bokeh background, film look
运动镜头
Crane / Jib
升降镜头
镜头垂直升降，从低角度上升至鸟瞰，或俯身贴近地面，展现宏大的空间叙事。
crane shot rising from eye level up to a high aerial perspective, revealing the full scene below
crane shot rising from eye level up to a high aerial perspective, revealing the full scene below
运动镜头
Orbit / Arc
环绕镜头
围绕主体做弧形运动，360度或局部环绕，强调主体的立体感与空间中心地位。
slow 360-degree orbit around the subject, maintaining focus lock, cinematic arc shot, epic
slow 360-degree orbit around the subject, maintaining focus lock, cinematic arc shot, epic
运动镜头
Zoom
变焦
调节焦距放大或缩小，产生与推拉不同的背景压缩感，长焦变焦具有强烈的戏剧张力。
slow zoom in, compressing the background, telephoto perspective, creamy bokeh foreground
slow zoom in, compressing the background, telephoto perspective, creamy bokeh foreground
焦距与景深
Wide Angle
广角镜头
视角宽广，夸张透视，近大远小的畸变感适合展示宏大场景、建筑、风景与沉浸式环境。
ultra-wide angle lens, exaggerated perspective distortion, expansive landscape, 16mm cinematic
ultra-wide angle lens, exaggerated perspective distortion, expansive landscape, 16mm cinematic
焦距与景深
Telephoto
长焦镜头
压缩前后景关系，虚化背景，人物从环境中突出，常见于人像拍摄与监视视角。
telephoto lens, compressed depth of field, creamy bokeh background, 200mm portrait look
telephoto lens, compressed depth of field, creamy bokeh background, 200mm portrait look
焦距与景深
Macro
微距镜头
极近距离拍摄微小细节，呈现肉眼难以察觉的微观纹理，极浅景深、梦幻光晕。
extreme macro shot, razor-thin depth of field, micro detail, dreamy out-of-focus surround, cinematic
extreme macro shot, razor-thin depth of field, micro detail, dreamy out-of-focus surround, cinematic
焦距与景深
Fisheye
鱼眼镜头
超广角桶形畸变，近乎180度视角，制造强烈视觉冲击感，常见于滑板、极限运动影像。
fisheye lens, strong barrel distortion, 180-degree field of view, immersive POV, extreme sport
fisheye lens, strong barrel distortion, 180-degree field of view, immersive POV, extreme sport
焦距与景深
Rack Focus
拉焦转移
在同一镜头内将焦点从前景切换到背景，或反之，引导观众注意力完成叙事转换。
rack focus shift from foreground subject to background subject, smooth focus pull, cinematic depth
rack focus shift from foreground subject to background subject, smooth focus pull, cinematic depth
焦距与景深
Deep Focus
深焦
前景到背景全部保持清晰，多层次叙事同时呈现，奥逊·威尔斯式经典构图语言。
deep focus, everything in sharp focus from foreground to background, f/11, Citizen Kane style
deep focus, everything in sharp focus from foreground to background, f/11, Citizen Kane style
构图与角度
Bird's Eye
鸟瞰视角
正上方俯视，将三维场景抽象为二维图案，展示空间布局与人物的渺小感。
bird's eye view, directly overhead shot, top-down perspective, subjects appear as flat patterns
bird's eye view, directly overhead shot, top-down perspective, subjects appear as flat patterns
构图与角度
Worm's Eye
虫眼视角
从极低位置仰视，使主体显得高大威猛或神圣崇高，天空背景强化戏剧感。
worm's eye view, extreme low angle looking up, subject appears towering and powerful, dramatic sky
worm's eye view, extreme low angle looking up, subject appears towering and powerful, dramatic sky
构图与角度
Dutch Angle
斜角构图
镜头倾斜约10-20度，营造不安、紧张、心理扭曲或超现实的视觉氛围。
Dutch angle, camera tilted 15 degrees, unsettling atmosphere, psychological tension, noir
Dutch angle, camera tilted 15 degrees, unsettling atmosphere, psychological tension, noir
构图与角度
POV Shot
主观视角
完全模拟角色的第一人称视角，观众即角色，增强代入感与沉浸体验。
first-person POV shot, handheld feel, as seen through the character's eyes, immersive
first-person POV shot, handheld feel, as seen through the character's eyes, immersive
构图与角度
Over The Shoulder
过肩镜头
从一个角色肩膀后方拍摄另一方，建立对话关系，前景浅焦肩膀增加层次感。
over-the-shoulder shot, subject B in sharp focus, subject A's shoulder visible in foreground bokeh
over-the-shoulder shot, subject B in sharp focus, subject A's shoulder visible in foreground bokeh
构图与角度
Extreme Close Up
特写
只截取面部局部（眼睛、嘴唇）或物件细节，极度聚焦情感或制造悬念张力。
extreme close-up, tight frame on the eyes, intense emotion, shallow depth of field, dramatic
extreme close-up, tight frame on the eyes, intense emotion, shallow depth of field, dramatic
特殊技法
Dolly Zoom
希区柯克变焦
推轨同时反向变焦：主体大小不变，背景急剧压缩或扩张，产生强烈眩晕与心理扭曲感。《迷魂记》原创技法。
Dolly zoom effect (Vertigo effect / Hitchcock zoom), subject stays same size while background dramatically stretches and warps
Dolly zoom effect (Vertigo effect / Hitchcock zoom), subject stays same size while background dramatically stretches and warps
特殊技法
Whip Pan
甩镜
极速横摇至运动模糊，用于快速情绪化转场，在两个场景之间制造能量爆发感。
whip pan transition, extreme motion blur, fast horizontal swipe, dynamic scene cut, energetic
whip pan transition, extreme motion blur, fast horizontal swipe, dynamic scene cut, energetic
特殊技法
Handheld
手持抖动
模拟真实手持摄影的轻微抖动，增加纪实感、真实感与紧张感，常见于战争片、恐怖片。
handheld camera, slight natural shake and sway, documentary feel, gritty realism, authentic
handheld camera, slight natural shake and sway, documentary feel, gritty realism, authentic
特殊技法
Steadicam
斯坦尼康跟随
稳定器跟随拍摄，在场景中流畅游走，兼具稳定与动感，代表作：《闪灵》走廊跟随镜头。
Steadicam tracking shot, smooth gliding follow shot, fluid movement through space, The Shining style
Steadicam tracking shot, smooth gliding follow shot, fluid movement through space, The Shining style
特殊技法
Time Lapse
延时摄影
极速压缩时间流逝，展示光影变化、人流涌动、云彩飘移，常用于城市与自然叙事。
time-lapse sequence, accelerated passage of time, motion blur light trails, day-to-night transition
time-lapse sequence, accelerated passage of time, motion blur light trails, day-to-night transition
特殊技法
Slow Motion
升格慢动作
高帧率拍摄后降速播放，强调动作细节、水花飞溅、情感张力，时间被拉伸为诗意瞬间。
slow motion 240fps, hyper-detailed movement, water droplets suspended mid-air, cinematic ballet
slow motion 240fps, hyper-detailed movement, water droplets suspended mid-air, cinematic ballet